Sample TOEFL Essay Growing up in the City or the Countryside

Sample TOEFL Essay Growing up in the City or the Countryside The QuestionDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a large city. Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay. (Adapted from theOfficial Guide to the TOEFL).Special Offer: Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this web page. Its a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the test. Sign up today.The Sample EssayIt is critically important that all children be raised in a supportive and healthy environment. In my opinion, it is more advantageous to raise young people in major city, than to raise themin a rural area. I feel this way for two main reasons, which I will explore in the following essay.First of all, cities include a vast number of academic and cultural facilities, all of which help the intellectual development of children. A child who visits such places on a regular ba sis will undoubtedly become extremely interested in some of them. My own experience is a compelling example of this. When I was young I lived in a major urban area, so my parents could easily take me to a cultural event almost every weekend. We attended book readings at the local library, art openings at many of the galleries throughout the city, and literary festivals during the summer. As a result of attending these outings I developed a strong interest in artistic expression, and decided to major in music at university. Now I enjoy a successful career as a recording artist. Had I not visited so many stimulating places as a youngster, I would not be thriving like I am today. Secondly, children who live in cities are exposed to people from many walks of life, while those in the countryside communicate with only one type of person. Cities are usually magnets for new immigrants to my country, and are populated by individuals from a variety of ethnic and cultural backgrounds. I think it is useful for children to have friends who come from different walks of life. For instance, my young cousin is growing up in New York, which is the largest city in my country. By the time she was ten years old, she had made friends from five different continents. Although she is still just a college student, she is comfortable interacting with people who speak a variety of languages and who have religious beliefs that are different from her own. Moreover, she recently mentioned that she was able to find employment at a company looking for workers with an international perspective. Accordingly, I think that people who live in cities can enjoy a variety of beneficial interactions. In conclusion, I strongly believe that it is better for children to grow up cities than in rural areas. This is because cities are home to a variety of educational venues, and because they have very diverse and cosmopolitan populations. (415 words)

Reflection Paper About Movie Review - 1058 Words

Reflection Paper The course of Academic Writing has been a long process of writing, editing, and making sure I develop enough writing skills since I will always use them no matter what career path I choose to take. Throughout this semester I wrote papers in a different genre and how each genre needs special requirements. As a writer, I must think about the appropriate language, the audience, and the content of my paper. In English 160 I wrote various papers in different genres which include a film review, an annotated bibliography, and an argumentative essay. While writing the film review my main goal is to persuade the audience to watch the movie or not depending on my view of the film. As I wrote the film review I had to look over†¦show more content†¦Another element I realized I had to include was the language used to address the audience. I knew I had to write in a style that seemed familiar, friendly but also informative and I think I did this quite well in the introduc tion of the review. Another problem that I faced was the flow of the paper it seemed off and it didn’t flow well, but I got that fixed thanks to the English 159 course after changing around some paragraphs my film review was much better. Finally, I realized that when writing a film review, one has to appeal to the audience and one can have their opinion of the movie which will persuade them to either watch the movie or not. When writing the annotated bibliography was a little more difficult than writing a review. Since in the review I can give my opinion and take evidence from the movie. When it comes to the annotated bibliography I must look up scholarly articles about my film, read them, write down what the author is arguing for, what are some counterclaims the author faces and the rebuttal of those counterclaims. I had difficulty finding articles since not many were specifically related to the movie, but I did find some. My second challenge was reading them and understandi ng why is the reason for the author to write this. Since scholarly articles are long and can be hard to understand, in some articles I did had trouble figuring out what the author was arguing for and the counterclaims. For some journals, itShow MoreRelatedEng 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper New831 Words   |  4 PagesENG 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper NEW To Buy This material Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/eng-225-ash/eng-225-week-5-film-critique-final-paper-new Focus of the Final Film Critique Throughout this course, you have been compiling a blog and writing essays that analyze various elements of film such as theme, cinematic techniques, and genre. It is now time to combine those elements into a comprehensive analysis of one movie. You will be completing this assignment in two stages:Read MoreEng 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper836 Words   |  4 PagesFilm Critique Final Paper Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/eng-225/eng-225-week-5-film-critique-final-paper/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com ENG 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper Focus of the Final Film Critique Throughout this course, you have been compiling a blog and writing essays that analyze various elements of film such as theme, cinematic techniques, and genre. It is now time to combine those elements into a comprehensive analysis of one movie. You will be completingRead MoreWeek 5- Final Film Critique1421 Words   |  6 Pagesimpactful films of all time, having changed the movie-making game ever since it premiered in 1977. It quickly became a global phenomenon and has accumulated some of the most passionate fans in the universe. 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When Election hit the silver screen in 1999, it was met with critical acclaim and well-received by audiences. Since its premier, the film was gained a l egacy as one of TIME’s Top 50 Films about High SchoolRead MoreThe Process of Writing Essay815 Words   |  4 PagesIs it appropriate? What is it that I want to say? Finally the fear sets in, what lie ahead is a minefield of self-doubt and criticism, one misstep could lead to a personal catastrophe. I take each step with caution, slowly putting my thoughts on paper, exposing myself to scrutiny. The answers do not present themselves with the concrete certainty of mathematics and science, they are subjective and open to interpretation. Writing for me is an uncomfortable experience filled with irrational fear andRead MoreReflection Of The Multisystem Family Course1419 Words   |  6 PagesReflection of the Multisystem Family Course The purpose of this reflection paper is portray the knowledge that I have learned throughout this semester regarding the multisystem utilized to identify traits and behaviors associated with the assessments of family members. Marta Lundy’s article gave a brief history of theoretical integration as she describe a multi-systemic, multi-theoretical integrative model for social work practice, even though each reading assignment was associated with a movieRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development1629 Words   |  7 PagesReflection Paper #4 Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages theory suggests that people pass through eight distinctive developmental stages as they grow and change throughout their lives. Integrity versus despair is the eighth and final stage of Erikson’s stage theory of psychosocial development. This stage begins at approximately age 60 and ends at death. The crisis represented by this last life stage is integrity versus despair. Erikson proposed that this stage begins when the individual experiencesRead MoreEssay on Citizen Cane Questionaire1377 Words   |  6 PagesCitizen Kane Questionnaire View the movie CITIZEN KANE (1941) for discussion in class on week four and to submit week five. Be sure to view the film at least twice before workshop number four. Read the information in this syllabus about this movie. Research it online at http://www.filmsite.org/citi.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Kane, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0033467/, http://www.cinepad.com/reviews/kane.htm, etc. Then complete the following questionnaire A. Literary Elements

Disaster Management Planning Norma Valdez Rosa - 1760 Words

Disaster Management Planning Norma Valdez-Rosa South University Online June 21, 2016 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANNING Mitigation is taking action to reduce potential disaster damages to the community before a disaster threatens. In Hidalgo County, located in South Texas; much of the land is dry, covered with grass and thorny brush and it is very humid and hot. Potential disasters to this area include: Hurricanes, Tornadoes, Floods, Heat, Wildfires and Armed or Terrorist Attacks. Disaster preparedness is a natural part of living in South Texas and everyone is responsible for preparing for such disasters. Before a disaster happens, an emergency plan should be prepared by all and should be practiced at least twice a year and updated accordingly with any new issues that may arise. Hurricanes can cause catastrophic damage to coastlines and several hundred miles inland. Edinburg is a city in and the county seat of Hidalgo County, Texas; and it is located about 63 miles from the Gulf of Mexico by Brownsville, Texas. Hurricanes can create storm surges along the coast and c ause extensive damage from heavy rainfall, flash flooding can occur due to this intense rainfall. Floods are one of the most common hazards that occur and can be deadly. Very small streams, gullies, creeks, culverts, or low-lying ground that appears harmless in dry weather can flood. Average temperatures in Edinburg during the summer can reach 100 degrees; it has a warm humid temperate

Blue shark Free Essays

Dear George Brady, Hello, my name is Patricia Dwell, I am 14 years old and I got to the Cole Leila North School. My class read the book â€Å"Henna’s suitcase† and we learned information’s about the holocaust. The â€Å"Henna’s suitcase† book taught me a lot, it taught me to appreciate what and who I have in my life. We will write a custom essay sample on Blue shark or any similar topic only for you Order Now You have inspired me because you stayed strong through everything you had to go through during the holocaust. Whilst we were reading the book, I couldn’t imagine what you and Hanna had to go through. I couldn’t imagine having such a happy life with my family then next thing you know you’re separated from you parents and sibling. First of all I am really sorry for your loss, losing your parents, grandma, and your sister in such a young age must have been really hard to go through. I could never imagine going through what all the Jews did. You’re a really good person to look up to because you didn’t give up on life, some people did give up and most survivors from the holocaust don’t ever want to talk about what they went through. So I think that you are brave for deciding to move on life and also for telling yours and Henna’s story. I think that it is very special how you are able to tell children about your story and each them to not Judge people for being different. You inspired me to never give up and Just stay strong Just like how you stayed strong through the holocaust and how you never gave up on finding information about your sister Hanna. What you went through was horrible and I hope no one else would ever have to go through what you did. Through separating from your parents and sister, the box cars, having to wear a Jude star etc. You stayed strong and you decided to keep living life really Inspired me. Learning about the Holocaust taught me to never Judge anybody by what they believe In and who they are. What happened during the Holocaust Is so horrible; I honestly can’t believe people would treat Jews differently Just because they were different, and because they believed In different things. If everyone learned about the Holocaust, world war will hopefully never happen again. From what Vive learned I will for sure never Judge anyone for being different. Blue shark By g-annoyed decided to keep living life really inspired me. Believe in and who they are. What happened during the Holocaust is so horrible; I different, and because they believed in different things. If everyone learned about How to cite Blue shark, Papers

Napoleon Essays (1214 words) - Napoleon, French Emperors

Napoleon Napoleon saved France from a near anarchic situation. He extended the French territory to bring glory to the French people, and the rights of the revolution to the in Europe. Napoleon Bonaparte was the greatest man in all of history. Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769 to Carlo and Letizia Bonaparte. No Bonaparte except for Napoleon became a professional soldier. His father Carlo fought for Corsican independence, but after the French occupied the island he served as a prosecutor and judge and entered the French aristocracy. Napoleon had an excellent education and excellent military training. His father secured a scholarship for him to the French military school at Brienne. When he was in school he put all his time and effort into his studies. Then in 1794 at age 15 he graduated 42nd in his class of 58. For more education after he graduated he spent a year at the Military Academy in Paris. Then he was commissioned a second lieutenant in artillery. Napoleon commanded an artillery brigade at the siege of Toulon where there was a British fleet. The British were driven out, and Napoleon was rewarded with a promotion to General of Brigade. In February of 1794 Napoleon was assigned to the French army in Italy. On October 5, 1795 a revolt broke out in Paris because of protesting the new constitution introduced by the Convection. Napoleon was ordered to defend the convection and was aided by Joachim Murats cannons. He was able to stop the revolting within four months. He was rewarded by the Directory, with the appointment as commander of the army of the interior. In March of 1796 Napoleon began a series of operations to divide and defeat the Austrian and Sardinian armies in Italy. He defeated the Sardinians at Mondovi, Forcing them to conclude a separate peace by which Savoy and Nice were ceded to France. With excellent leadership Napoleon was able to win Lombardy from the Austrians. On May 19, 1798 he sailed with an army of more than 35,000 troops and 350 ships to Alexandria Egypt. At this point in time, he occupied Alexandria and Cairo. There he guaranteed Islamic law, and began to reorganize the government. Napoleon liked the ideals of the Enlightment. He used some of those ideals in his law making and reforms. For example he believed in the equality of all citizens. Also he thought that everyone should have the freedom of occupation and freedom of religion. Napoleon thought that there shouldn't be any kind of slavery in France, because it defied the rights of the people. The coup d'etat was an act by Napoleon and Emmanuel Sieyes to overthrow the Directory. The Directory was a new form of government that was established in 1795. It consisted of five members that were elected by both houses of the legislature. This form of government was proved even less effective than the Legislative Assembly and the national convention. Within the Directory there was incompetence and corruption that was putting France in a major debt. It didn't do much to solve the financial problems and military problems in France. Attacks on the republic and other conservatives increased. Rising prices and disrupted production drove some groups in France to armed protests. And foreign hostility to France continued. Then when Napoleon, Sieyes, and their followers got their chance they executed the coup d'etat. Armed soldiers forced legislators from their chambers, and abolished the directory. France proclaimed a new form of government that Napoleon called the Consulate. It was headed by three consuls, and Napoleon was the first consul. Napoleon Bonaparte made many reforms that helped France. One major reform was the Napoleonic Code, Which was a series of laws that some people thought was his greatest achievement ever. This code granted equality to all the citizens of France before the law. It confirmed the end of serfdom and slavery in France. It also gave people the freedom of occupation and the freedom to practice their religion. But, it reduced the rights of some groups including women. There were many other forms as well that strengthened the state. He initiated the Concordat with Pope Pius VII, Which re-established Roman Catholicism. Napoleon lowered the national

Mineral Pictures Index

Mineral Pictures Index If youre interested in rock collecting, you know that rocks you find in the real world rarely look like the polished specimens you see you rock shops or museums. In this index, youll find pictures of minerals like those youll most likely encounter in your expeditions. This list starts with the handful of common minerals called the rock-forming minerals, followed by the most common accessory minerals- youll find them scattered in many different rocks but seldom in large amounts. Next, youll see a set of rare or notable minerals, some of which are common in commercial rock shops. Finally, you can check out some special galleries designed to help you to identify your specimens. Rock-Forming Minerals Rock-forming minerals are among the most common (and least valuable) minerals in the world. They form the basis of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, and are used to classify and name rocks. Some examples include: Biotite- Black mica, common in igneous rocks. Calcite- The most common carbonate mineral, making up limestone. Dolomite- Magnesium-rich cousin to calcite. Feldspar- A group making up the most common mineral in the crust. (Feldspar Gallery) Hornblende- The most common mineral of the amphibole group. Muscovite- White mica, found in all kinds of rocks. Olivine- A green mineral found strictly in igneous rocks. Pyroxene- A group of dark minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Quartz- Familiar as crystals and as noncrystalline chalcedony. (Quartz/Silica Gallery) Accessory Minerals   Accessory minerals may be included in any rock you pick up, but unlike rock-forming minerals, they are not a basic part of the rock. In other words, a rock must contain quartz, feldspar, and mica  in order to be classified as granite. If the rock also happens to contain the mineral titanite, the rock is still granite and the titanite is classified as an accessory mineral.  Accessory minerals are also not  particularly abundant, and so they may be more valuable than rock-forming minerals. Some examples include: Andalusite- Makes collectible crossed crystals. Anhydrite- What gypsum becomes deep underground. Apatite- The phosphate mineral making up teeth and bones. Aragonite- Calcites close carbonate cousin. Barite- A heavy sulfate sometimes found in roses. Bornite- Peacock ore copper mineral tarnishes a crazy blue-green. Cassiterite- Ancient and principal ore of tin. Chalcopyrite- Foremost ore of copper. Chlorite- The green mineral of many metamorphic rocks. Corundum- Natural alumina, sometimes known as sapphire and ruby. Epidote- Metamorphic mineral of a pistachio/avocado green color. Fluorite- Every rockhound has a piece of this soft, colorful mineral. Galena- A heavy, glittering mineral, principal ore of lead metal. Garnet Almandine- The true garnet-red garnet mineral. Andradite- Green crystals from central California. Grossular- A greenish garnet illustrated by a well-formed crystal. Pyrope- Wine-colored grains in a California eclogite. Spessartine- A honey-colored set of crystals from China. Uvarovite- Emerald-green crystals from Russia. Goethite- The brown oxide mineral of soils and iron ore. Graphite- The stuff of pencils has more rugged uses too. Gypsum- Shown in its prettiest form, desert roses. Halite- Also known as rock salt, this evaporite mineral sits at your table. Hematite- Iron oxide mineral of many forms including this kidney ore. Ilmenite- Black titanium ore lurks in heavy sands. Kyanite- A sky-blue mineral formed by high-pressure metamorphism. Lepidolite- Lithium mica mineral with a fine lilac color. Leucite- Feldspathoid mineral also called white garnet. Magnetite- Magnetic iron oxide also known as lodestone. Marcasite- Close crystal cousin of pyrite. Nepheline- Feldspathoid mineral well known to potters. Phlogopite- Brown mica mineral closely related to biotite. Prehnite- Bottle-green mineral of low-grade metamorphic rocks. Psilomelane- Manganese oxides make up this black crusty mineral. Pyrite- Fools gold and the most important sulfide mineral. Pyrolusite- The black manganese mineral of dendrites. Rutile- Needles of this oxide mineral occur in many rocks. Serpentine- The group of green minerals that yields asbestos. Sillimanite- Indicator mineral for high grades of metamorphism. Sphalerite- The major zinc ore and an interesting mineral. Spinel- Rugged oxide mineral of metamorphosed limestones. Staurolite- A typical crossed pair of crystals in a mica schist matrix. Talc- The softest mineral of them all. Tourmaline- The common black variety called schorl. Zeolites- Group of low-temperature minerals with many industrial uses. Zircon- Both a gemstone and a precious source of geologic information. Uncommon Minerals and Varieties This collection of minerals includes metals, ores, and gems. Some of these gold, diamond, and beryl for example are among the most valuable and coveted minerals in the world. If you find these in your rock hunting excursions, be sure to keep them safe. Some examples include: Amethyst- The purple form of crystalline quartz. Axinite- Minor silicate of striking crystal form and color. Benitoite- Very blue, very rare and weird ring silicate mineral. Beryl- Gemstone of many names, including emerald. Borax- This household commonplace is mined in desert lakebeds. Celestine- Pale, sky-blue strontium carbonate. Cerussite- Spiky gray lead carbonate. Chrysocolla- Bright green-blue mineral found near copper ore. Cinnabar- Lipstick-red mineral and major ore of mercury. Copper- Native metal shown in its natural wiry form. Cuprite- Red copper ore and sometimes spectacular specimen stone. Diamond- Natural diamond crystal from the Congo. Dioptase- Bright-green crystalline sign of copper deposits. Dumortierite- Blue boron mineral of gneisses and schists. Eudialyte- Striking red vein-maker in nepheline syenites. Fuchsite- Chromium colors this mica mineral a flashy green. Gold- The native metal shown in an Alaskan nugget. Hemimorphite- Handsome pale crusts of hydrous zinc silicate. Herkimer Diamond Quartz- Doubly terminated crystals from New York. Labradorite- The butterfly of the feldspars has dazzling blue schiller. Lazurite- Ancient mineral source of ultramarine pigment. Magnesite- Magnesium carbonate ore mineral. Malachite- Ultra-green copper carbonate, a favorite mineral of carvers. Molybdenite- Soft metallic mineral and ore of molybdenum. Opal- Precious silica mineraloid may display a rainbow of colors. Platinum- Rare crystalline nuggets of the native metal. Pyromorphite- Flashy green lead phosphate mineral. Pyrophyllite- Soft mineral closely resembling talc. Rhodochrosite- Calcites manganese cousin with distinctive rosy color. Ruby- Deep-red gemmy variety of corundum. Scapolite- Streaked clear crystals of metamorphosed limestones. Siderite- Brown iron carbonate mineral. Silver- Wiry specimen of the rare native metal. Smithsonite- Carbonate of zinc appears in many forms. Sodalite- Deep blue feldspathoid and a rock carvers staple. Sulfur- Delicate crystals accumulate around a volcanic vent. Sylvite- Red potassium mineral distinguished by its bitter taste. Titanite- Collectible brown crystalline mineral once known as sphene. Topaz- Hardness and good crystals make it a popular mineral. Turquoise- The most precious phosphate mineral. Ulexite- One of many borate minerals, ulexite forms the unique TV rock. Variscite- This phosphate comes in veins like slabs of green candy. Willemite- Prized by collectors for its bright fluorescence. Witherite- Scarce barium carbonate mineral. Tools for Identifying Minerals It isnt always easy to identify minerals, even if theyre fairly common. Fortunately, there are tools used by geologists to aid in identification. Special tests for luster and streak can help; so too can these galleries of relatively common minerals of different colors. Black Minerals Blue and Purple Minerals Brown Minerals Green Minerals Red and Pink Minerals Yellow Minerals Mineral Habits Mineral Lusters Mineral Streak Mineraloids

How to Calculate PSAT Score 3-Step Score Calculator

How to Calculate PSAT Score 3-Step Score Calculator SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re struggling to calculate your PSAT score, then it sounds like you’re in need of a handy PSAT score calculator! In this guide, we offeryou step-by-step instructions on how to calculate PSAT scores. To begin, we'll look at how the PSAT is scored and what â€Å"equating† means. We'll then go overhow to calculate various PSAT scores before finishing with an explanation on how a PSAT score calculatorcan help you get the PSAT score you want. How Is the PSAT Scored? The PSAT is scored on a scale of 320-1520 in 10-point increments. Your total PSAT scoreis the sum of your Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) section scores. (EBRW is a combination of your Reading and Writing and Language scores). These two sections areeach scored on ascale of 160-760, which is equivalent to half the total score range. But there aren't 1,520 questions on the PSAT, sowhere do these numbers come from? In reality,your Math and EBRW scores start outas raw scores. A raw score is simply the number of questions you answered correctly. So if I were to get 40 Reading questions right, my raw Reading score would be 40. (Note that the PSAT uses rights-only scoring, so you'll never lose any points for incorrect answers.) Next, your raw scores for Math, Reading, and Writing and Language (we'll refer to this section as"Writing" from now on) are converted into finalscaled scores using a special equating process. The College Board (the creators of the PSAT) uses equating toaccount for slight differences in difficulty among tests, making it so thatascaled PSAT score always indicates the same level of ability, regardless of test. Here’s how the College Boarddescribes the equating process used for the PSAT: â€Å"This conversion process adjusts for slight differences in difficulty among versions of the test and provides a score that is equated, or consistent, across forms. This process ensures that no student receives an advantage or disadvantage from taking a particular form of the test on a particular day;* a score of 400 on one test form is equivalent to a score of 400 on another test form.† *Emphasis mine. Ultimately, what this means isthat raw scores will not alwaysconvert into the same scaled scores on different PSATs. Here's an example to illustrate this concept:on this practice PSAT, you can see that a 23 raw Math score converts into 540, but on this practice PSAT,23 converts into 510 instead. So are raw scores and scaled scores the only scores you'll get on the PSAT? Not at all!In addition, you’ll receivesubscores and cross-test scores (the same as those on the SAT) as well as aNational Merit Selection Index score. Subscores measure specific skills in each section on ascale of 1-15, whilecross-test scoresmeasureyour understanding ofhistory/social studies and science questions on a scale of8-38. The Selection Indexis perhaps one of the most unique scores you'll get; it has a score range of 48-228 and is used to determine your eligibility for the National Merit Scholarship Program. To qualify for the program, you must earn a Selection Index score at or above your state’scutoff score. Now, let'scalculate PSAT score areas together! Are raw PSAT scores as tasty as raw cookie dough? How to Calculate PSAT Score: Raw Scaled Here, we'llshow you how to calculate yourraw and scaled (section) PSAT scores. If you'd like to calculateyour own scores as you read along, make sure you have access to the answer key for whichever official PSAT practice testyou took. This will act as your PSAT score calculator. Note that all of the example charts and conversions below are based onthescoring guidetoPSAT Practice Test #1. Step 1: Determine Raw Scores Raw scores are a relatively easy-to-calculate PSAT score area. Remember,raw scores equal the number of correct answers you got.In other words,the highest raw score you can earn on a section will be the same as the total number of questions in that section. Each of the three PSAT sections - Reading, Writing, and Math - contains a different total number of questions, or a different raw score range. Math is the only section that's actually divided into two subsections, No Calculator and Calculator, each of which has its own raw score range. Here is an overview of the raw score ranges on the PSAT: PSAT Section Reading Writing and Language Math No Calculator Calculator Raw Score Range 0-47 0-44 0-17 0-31 Raw Reading Score Your raw Reading score will be out of 47 points. Using your practice test’s answer key, add up all of the correct answers you earned on the Reading section to get your raw Reading score. For example, if I were to miss 13 questions on the Reading section, my raw Reading score would be 34: Raw Writing and Language Score Your raw Writing score will be out of 44 points. The Writing answer key is located next to the Readinganswer key. Once again, add up all of your correct answers on your test's answer key to getyour raw Writing score. Here's an example: Raw Math Score As I mentioned above, Math is divided into two subsections: No Calculator and Calculator. This means you’ll receive two raw Math scores that'llbe subsequentlycombined to give you a total raw Math score. The maximum number of points you can earn is17 on Math No Calculator and 31 on Math Calculator. Altogether, then, you can earn up to 48 points on Math. To calculate your raw Math score, tally your correct answers on the No Calculator and Calculator subsections. Soif I were to miss 5 points on No Calculator and 8 on Calculator, my raw Math scores would be 12 and 23, respectively: Then, combine these two scores to get your total raw Math score: Step 2: Convert to Scaled Scores Scaled, or equated, scores are the final section scores you'll receive on the PSAT. These scores use a scale of 160-760, with each accounting for half your total PSAT score. As we discussedpreviously, raw-score-to-scaled-score conversions vary slightly with each PSATdue to differences in equating formulas. Thus, theconversion charts we use for our examples below will not apply exactly to all PSATs. (Remember, our examples are all based on a specific test - PSAT Practice Test #1!) Now, let's take a look at how to calculate your scaled PSAT scores. Math Section Score Start by calculatingyour total raw Math score using the steps above. Thisscore will be out of48 points. Next, look for the "Raw Score" and "Math Section Score" columns on your practice test’s raw score conversion table. (As a reminder, conversion tables varyslightly with eachtest, so one raw Math score on one test may not convert into the same scaled Math score on another test.) On the chart, your raw Math score will directly convert into a Math section score (i.e., a scaled score). To convert your score, simply match your raw score with the corresponding Math section score. In my example above, mytotal raw Math score was 35, whichconverts into 650: Raw Score Math Section Score Raw Score Math Section Score 0 160 25 560 1 190 26 570 2 210 27 580 3 240 28 580 4 270 29 590 5 290 30 600 6 320 31 610 7 340 32 620 8 360 33 630 9 370 34 640 10 390 35 650 400 36 670 12 420 37 680 13 430 38 690 14 440 39 710 15 460 40 720 16 470 41 730 17 480 42 730 18 490 43 740 19 500 44 740 20 510 45 750 21 520 46 750 22 530 47 760 23 540 48 760 24 550 EBRW Section Score Calculating your EBRW section score requires a couple of extra steps. Like the process you followedfor figuring outyour Math section score, beginby calculating your raw Reading and Writing scores (using the steps above). These scores will be out of 47 and 44 points, respectively. Next, look for your scaled Reading and Writingscores using your practice test’s raw score conversion table. Find your raw scores for each section and then look across to the corresponding column to determineyour Reading and Writing test scores. These test scores, though scaled, are not your final section scores.Unlike PSATsectionscores, which use a score range of 160-760, test scores use a much smaller rangeof 8-38. Myraw Reading score above was 34, and my raw Writing score was 38. According to the following conversion table, these two raw scores convert into scaled (test) scores of30 and 33, respectively: Raw Score Reading Test score Writing and Language Test Score Raw Score Reading Test Score Writing and Language Test Score 0 8 8 24 25 25 1 9 9 25 26 25 2 10 10 26 26 26 3 27 27 27 4 12 12 28 27 27 5 14 13 29 28 28 6 15 14 30 28 28 7 16 14 31 29 29 8 16 15 32 29 29 9 17 15 33 30 30 10 18 16 34 30 30 18 16 35 31 31 12 19 17 36 31 32 13 19 18 37 32 32 14 20 18 38 32 33 15 20 19 39 33 34 16 21 20 40 34 35 17 21 20 41 34 36 18 22 21 42 35 37 19 22 21 43 36 37 20 23 22 44 37 38 21 23 23 45 37 22 24 24 46 38 23 24 24 47 38 Step 3: Combine for Total Score Once you have your individual Reading and Writing test scores, combine these scores to get a total EBRW test score on a scale of 16-76. Finally,multiply this sum by 10 to get your scaled EBRW score. As an equation, this conversion process can be writtenas so:(R+W)10=EBRW. In my example above, my Reading and Writing test scores were 30 and 33, respectively. Using this equation, then, here's what my EBRW score comes out to: (30+33)10=(63)10=630. Now,add your EBRW section score to your Math section score to getyour total PSAT score out of 1520. Inmy example, my total PSAT score would be650+630=1280. How to Calculate PSAT Subscores and Cross-Test Scores In addition to calculating your raw and scaled scores, you have the option ofcalculating your subscores and cross-test scores. These additional scores offer a closer, more detailed analysis of your performance on particularcontent areas and question types on the PSAT. Read on to learn how to calculate PSAT subscores and cross-test scores. Subscores To calculate your subscores, start by finding your raw scores for each of the following subscore categories: Math Heart of Algebra Problem Solving and Data Analysis Passport to Advanced Math EBRW Expression of Ideas Standard English Conventions Words in Context Command of Evidence Add up your correct answers on Math and EBRW using their respective answer keys. Then,use your scoring guide to see which questions on your test make up whichsubscore categories. Here is an example of a subscore overview for the EBRW subscore Expression of Ideas: Once you’ve got your seven raw subscores, use your test’s raw score conversion table for subscores to convert your raw subscores into scaled subscores. All scaled subscores use a scale of1-15. So forexample, if I were to get a raw score of 17 on Expression of Ideas, my scaled subscore would be12: Unfortunately, you're not allowed to have a lab partner on science questions. Cross-Test Scores You’ll also receive two cross-test scores: Analysis in History/Social Studies Analysis in Science Unlike subscores, cross-test scores are notconfined to a single section on the PSAT. This means that you can find a combination of Analysis in History/Social Studies and Analysis in Science questions in both the EBRW and Math sections. Each cross-test score begins as a raw score. To find your raw cross-test scores, use your scoring guide to determine which EBRW and Math questions make upwhich cross-test categories. Below is an example of a cross-test score overview for the Analysis in Science score: Once you have your raw scores for both cross-test scores, use your test’s raw score conversion table for cross-test scores to figure out your scaled cross-test scores for History/Social Studies and Science. Scaled cross-test scores use a scale of 8-38 (note that this is different from the 1-15 scoring scale used for subscores). Soif I were to receive a raw score of 19 on Analysis in Science, my scaled cross-test score for that area would equal 29: How to Calculate National Merit Selection Index Finally, there’s the National Merit Selection Index score. Unlike the other scores we’ve covered so far, you won’t find any conversion table for your Selection Index ona PSAT practice test. So how can you calculate this score? Here are the steps to take: 1. Find your Reading and Writing test scores. To find these scores, calculate your raw scores for Reading and Writing and then use your raw score conversion table to convert your raw scoresinto scaled testscores (on a scale of 8-38). 2. Find your Math test score. Unlike your Reading and Writing scores, your Math test score isn’t on a conversion chart. So how do you find this score? First,get your Math section score by matching your raw Math score to its corresponding scaled score on your conversion table. Then, to get your Math test score, simply divide your Math section score by 20. So ifmy scaled Math score were 680, my Math test score would be 680/20=34. 3. Add your test scores together. Next, combine your Reading, Writing, and Math test scores. This will give you a total PSAT test score on a scale of 24-4. 4. Multiply your total test score by 2. Finally, take your total PSAT test score and multiply it by 2 to get your Selection Index. Once again, the Selection Index score range is 48-228. In the end, if you’re aiming for a scholarship, you’ll need to have a Selection Index high enough to qualify you for National Merit in your particular state. These cutoff Selection Index scores range anywhere from 209-222. For more information about the Selection Index scores needed to qualify, check out our guide on how to become a National Merit Semifinalist. Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Next up, we'll decipher the meaning of PSAT score calculations. What Do PSAT Score Calculations Mean for YOU? So far we’ve explained how to calculate various PSAT scores, from raw and scaled scores to subscores, cross-test scores, and Selection Index scores. But what do all of these calculations mean for you? Using conversion tables as a PSAT score calculator allows you to forma rough idea as to how many questions you’ll need to answer correctly in order to attain a certain scaled PSAT score. Essentially,if you have aPSAT goal scorein mind, you can use raw score conversion tables from official PSAT practice tests to estimate how many correct answers you’ll need to be able to hit your goal score on test day. For example, let’s say your total PSAT goal score is 1300, or 640 on Math and 660 on EBRW. To get 640 on Math, you’ll need to scorearound 34-38 raw points, or get 34-38 questions right. (We calculated this estimated raw score range using the official conversion tables for PSAT Practice Test #1 and #2.) Figuring out the number of questions you'll need to get right for EBRW, however, requires you to do more than just look at a conversion table. You'll first need to divide your EBRW goal score (in this case, 660) by 10 to get your EBRW test score. Then, divide this score by 2 to get your estimated test scores for the Reading and Writing sections. Finally, use official conversion tables to get a corresponding raw scorefor each of these two test scores. In my example, a 660 EBRW goal score equals about 38-39raw points for Reading and 37-38 raw pointsfor Writing. Of course, these raw score ranges are all simply estimates. Because the College Board doesn’t tell us ahead of time how raw scores for upcoming PSATs will be equated, there’s no way to know for sure how many questionsyou’ll need to answer correctly in order to hityour goal scores. Still, you can get a pretty close approximation using official conversion tables! Recap: How to Calculate PSAT Score The PSAT is scored on a scale of 320-1520 in 10-point increments. This total score consists of two section scores for Math and EBRW, each of which uses a scale of 160-760. You’ll also getsubscores on a scale of 1-15 and cross-test scores on a scale of 8-38. Lastly, you’ll get a Selection Index score on a scale of 48-228; this score's sole purpose is todetermine your eligibility for National Merit. All of these PSAT scores are scaled, or equated, scores. Your PSAT scores will start out as raw scores based on the number of questions you answered correctly. Yourraw scores are then converted into scaled scores using a special equating process exclusive to yourtest. To convert your raw scores into scaled scores (or even vice versa), useraw score conversion tables for official PSAT practice tests. Though these tables apply to specific practice tests only, you can use them as a convenient PSAT score calculator toestimate the number of questions you’ll need to answer correctly in order to hit your goal scores on test day. What’s Next? Want to learn more about PSAT scoring and the PSAT score range? Our in-depth guides explainhow the PSAT score range differs from the SAT score range as well as how you can use the PSAT scoring system to your advantage. Are you aiming for National Merit?Get the rundown on how to win a scholarship and what you can do to guarantee yourself a perfect PSAT score! 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